From Traditional to Reformed..." (Matt)

This article is on the different types of land use regulations in the United States.

Major question: Do regulations help or hurt local development patterns?
Answer: It depends on what you care about? Density? Affordable housing? Open space? Business? Simply put, different land use regulations have different outcomes....

One outlook: "To the jurisdictions that use them, of course, regulations allow residents to reduce competition for public services, balance the budget, and protect valued open space, therby raising property values and wealth for property owners."

zoning history...comes out of public health concerns; still favored because separate land uses seem to stabilize property values

Zoning: exclusionary land use used in Northeast; separate land uses seem to stabilize prop. values

Comprehensive Planning: Western cities; mitigate conflicts between different land uses

Containment: Portland and Nashville; state law requires containment (keeping development in certain approved areas)

Infrastructure Regulation: highest in West; impact fees placed on developers who put increased demand on local infrastructure

Growth Control: permit caps on construction; SHORTAGES in housing --> not very popular politically

Affordable Housing: affordable housing incentives very popular in West

Types of Regulation by Order and Family

Traditional:
-Middle America (zoning; restrictive densities)
-High Density (New York City Metro Region in New York state)

Exclusion
-Basic Exclusion
-Exclusion with restriciton
-Extreme Exclusion

Wild Wild Texas
-Houston (little zoning)
-Dallas/San Antonio (zoning)

Reform
-Containment
-Containment-Lite
-Growth Management
-Growth Control

Conclusions:
*Densities in metro areas with Tradtional land-use regimes are falling much faster than anywere else.
*Center city is desirable in Texas and Reform areas, but seen as neighborhoods of last resort in areas with exclusionary and traditional planning.
*Housing prices = highest in Growth Control/Exclusionary areas